The country qualified for the European Monetary Union ( EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. 经济葡萄牙于1998年加入欧洲货币联盟,并在2002年1月1日和其他11个欧盟国家一起使用欧元。
Fortunately, threats to European Monetary Union, so far, have been successfully fended off by the Herculean actions of the European Community assisted by the International Monetary Fund. 所幸,由于欧洲共同体采取了大刀阔斧的行动,加上国际货币基金组织(imf)出手协助,欧洲货币联盟所遭遇的种种威胁,就目前来说已得到成功抵御。
In particular, we are watching with interest the economic convergence for European Monetary Union on 1 January next year. 对於明年一月一日为欧洲货币联盟而实施的经济一体化,我们尤感兴趣。
There was no plan for a eurozone break-up when the European Monetary Union was created. 当欧洲货币联盟(emu)创立之时,不存在有关欧元区解体的计划。
With euro bills and coins now circulating across much of Europe, the European Monetary Union is fully in place. 随着欧元的纸币和硬币在欧洲大部分地区的流通,欧洲货币联盟已经成形。
On January 1, 1999, The European Union will start to use European Monetary Union ( Ecu). 1999年1月1日,欧盟将正式启动欧元。
Greece's debt crisis returned to financial markets with a vengeance as agitated investors demanded the highest premiums to buy its government bonds since the launch of European monetary union over a decade ago. 希腊债务危机引起了金融市场的剧烈震荡。忧虑不安的投资者对购买希腊政府债券提出了自10多年前欧洲货币联盟成立以来最高的溢价要求。
It presented faulty information about its deficits in 2001 when attempting to secure membership of the European Monetary Union. 在2001年试图获得欧洲货币联盟(emu)成员身份时,希腊提交了有关国内赤字的虚假信息。
III External aspects of euro and EMU ( European Monetary Union) III欧元和欧洲货币联盟的对外影响。
No one thinks that Asia is in any shape to replicate the European Monetary Union. 没有人认为,亚洲将以某种形式复制欧洲货币联盟。
Money and Banking in the last hours, I understand that the operation of the European Monetary Union in a way which at the same time thought about the possibility of an Asian Monetary Union. 在上货币银行学时,我了解到了欧洲货币联盟的运营方式,也同时思考了亚洲货币联盟的可能性。
The theory of optimum currency area provides a theoretical basis and practical guideline for the establishment& development of the European Monetary union. 最优货币区理论,为欧洲货币联盟的成立和发展提供了理论基础和实践指导。
The transfer of European monetary system into European Monetary Union has exercised far-reaching influence on the global financial pattern and trade characteristics. 欧洲货币体系转变成欧洲货币联盟,对全球金融格局、贸易特点产生了深远的影响。
European Monetary Union is the typical model of the financial development from inside to outside. 欧洲货币联盟是金融发展内外协调运行中的典型形态。
The project of European Monetary Union is entering the most dangerous phase in its 11-year history. 欧洲货币联盟(emu)正进入诞生11年以来的最危险阶段。
As for the Brits, small wonder Prime Minister David Cameron regards the crisis of the European Monetary Union as a huge political opportunity. 至于英国人,难怪乎英国首相戴维卡梅伦(davidcameron)把欧洲货币联盟的危机视为一个巨大的政治机会。
The patterns of economic ups and downs remain far more diverse in the European Monetary Union countries, and it is not clear that this will change soon. 欧洲货币联盟中各国经济状况差异更大,而且在不久的将来这种情况能否改变还很难说。
Miscommunication has bedevilled European Monetary Union. 沟通不力问题一直困扰着欧洲货币同盟。
Raise real wages and cut value added tax: Germany owes it to itself and the world after such a long period of adjustment to both unification and European Monetary Union. 提高实际薪资水平,降低增值税:在对统一和欧洲货币联盟进行这么多年的调整后,德国人应该为自己,也为世界这么做。
All of this does not mean that the European Monetary Union is likely to fail. 上述情况并不意味着欧洲货币联盟可能会失败。
The guardians of European Monetary Union are now held hostage to Greek taxpayers. 欧洲货币联盟的守护者们现在已被希腊纳税人绑架。
He has managed to re-establish the Bundesbank as the conscience of European monetary union, and the guardian of the heritage of the Deutschmark, he says. 他说:他成功地将德国央行重新塑造为欧洲货币联盟的良知象征、德国马克遗产的监护人。
The European Monetary Union ( EMU) plays a significant role in the economic and social development of the European Community ( EC). 欧洲货币联盟对促进欧洲经济和社会发展具有重大意义。
Yet for eurozone countries such as Greece, this lesson is tantalising because the European Monetary Union is a much tougher discipline than the gold standard, with no provision for exit from the single currency. 然而,对希腊之类的欧元区国家来说,上述经验教训不过是使人干着急,因为欧洲货币联盟的纪律比金本位制严得多,并无退出单一货币体系的途径。
Germany was the first in the European Monetary Union to break the stability and growth pact rules on deficits and debt. 德国是欧洲货币联盟中,第一个违反稳定与增长公约中有关赤字和债务规则的国家。
Goldman has come under fire from European regulators for structuring transactions that helped Greece trim its debt figures after it joined the European Monetary Union in 2001. 高盛因为希腊安排交易而受到欧洲监管机构的指责这些交易帮助希腊在2001年加入欧洲货币联盟之后削减了债务规模。
Evolution of European Monetary Union ( EMU) and Retrospection on the Fourth Anniversary of the Birth of the Euro 欧洲货币联盟发展与欧元诞生四周年回顾
The article is mainly divided into five parts: In the first part, I introduce the theoretical foundation of European Monetary Union ( EMU) including the development and the main content of the theory. 第一部分简单介绍了欧洲货币联盟的理论基础&最优货币区理论,其中包括该理论的发展以及主要内容;
The third part summarizes the characteristics of the European Monetary Union, including the monetary policy manipulated by the European Central Bank, and the fiscal policy decentralized by the member states, and the paradox of the EU fiscal policy and monetary policy. 第三部分概括分析欧洲货币联盟的体制特点,包括由欧洲中央银行操控的统一的货币政策,成员国分散的财政政策;剖析欧盟财政政策和货币政策协调上存在的体制的悖论。
Chapter 3 Euro and Financial Globalization, based on reviewing the process of evolution of European Monetary Union, analyzes the impacts of regional monetary integration on European regional economic integration, reveals the interactive relations between European regional monetary integration and financial globalization. 第三章欧元与金融全球化,在回顾欧洲货币联盟发展历程的基础上,分析了货币区域一体化对欧洲区域经济一体化的影响,揭示了欧洲货币区域一体化与金融全球化的互动关系。